Artículos en revistas SCOPUS o ISI

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    Análisis del discurso en Latinoamérica: un estado de arte
    (Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación, 2019) Rodrigo-Mendizábal, Iván Fernando
    El artículo es un estado de arte de los Estudios del Discurso en América Latina. Pone de relieve cómo se gestaron tales estudios, desde sus enfoques, luego, los investigadores que fueron sembrando el camino, las escuelas a las que siguieron y las que fundaron. Aunque no es un artículo de carácter histórico, la intención fue mapear lo que se ha estado escribiendo hasta la actualidad, en el contexto de los Estudios del Discurso, y evidenciar cuál es el aporte latinoamericano. Las fuentes que permitieron el mapeo fueron internet, los repositorios y bibliotecas. El informe además muestra el trabajo en Ecuador. Es evidente que desde el país hay también un camino ya recorrido y que se sigue realizando. El último horizonte del artículo comenta los Estudios Contemporáneos y Transdisciplinarios e Indisciplinarios del Discurso con sus formas de “indisciplinamiento” y el diálogo con otras formas de saber u otras formas de discurso, donde ya nuevos investigadores trabajan con ahínco.
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    Análisis económico y social de remesas: Enfoque técnico y sistémico
    (RISTI, 2024-06-30) Villarreal Satama, Freddy Lenin; Bosch Badia, María Teresa
    Las remesas receptadas por los países con economías emergentes han supuesto un importante aporte a la economía local, ya sea para consumo interno o ahorro, que encadena un problema social a causa de la migración. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar el comportamiento de las remesas que provienen de España y Estados Unidos al Ecuador del 2010 a 2022, bajo la metodología econométrica y análisis de cointegración. Muchos hogares aún tienen en este rubro el ingreso que les permite la subsidencia en el Ecuador. Los resultados indican que un aumento del PIB de Estados Unidos y España (0.79 y 0.91 respectivamente) las remesas en Ecuador aumentan, es decir, estos aumentos permiten que el envío de las remesas al Ecuador genere crecimiento económico, por lo tanto, es de especial interés para el gobierno establecer políticas adecuadas en su gestión y canalización en sus planes de tipo social.
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    Aplicación de los derechos de la naturaleza en Ecuador
    (DomHelder: Veredas do Direito, 2017-04) Bedón-Garzón, René Patricio
    La Constitución de la República del Ecuador ha consagrado derechos a favor de la naturaleza incluyendo una reserva constitucional para su creación. En tal virtud, se han presentado varias acciones de protección y medidas cautelares constitucionales a fin de hacer efectivos estos derechos y en las cuales, fundamentalmente para garantizar el derecho de la naturaleza a la conservación integral, se ha determinado la suspensión de obras hasta que se obtengan los permisos ambientales correpondientes por parte del Estado para generar impactos ambientales; se ha aplicado el principio precautorio, se han suspendido actividades por no existir evidencia científica de daño; y, se ha ponderado derechos para permitir la limitación del derecho a la propiedad privada a fin de que se realicen tareas de remediación de un evento ambiental y se logre garantizar el derecho de la naturaleza a la restauración.
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    Aristotle’s Rhetoric as an Enhancement of Practical Reasoning
    (Eidos, 2023-01-01) Carbonell-Fernández, Claudia Patricia
    Aristotle’s account of rhetoric goes beyond its previous consideration as an art of persuasion to be regarded as a suitable logic for human affairs. In the realm of ethics and politics, he needs to appeal to a logic that can deal with contingency without discarding the concept of truth. I claim that the double rapport of rhetoric with dialectic and ethical-political issues links public discourse with the question of rationality and practical truth. I will start with a brief overview of two passages of the Rhetoric that account for the liaison of rhetoric with dialectic. Secondly, I consider two contributions that rhetoric theory makes to the enhancement of the rationality of ethics. Lastly, I will reflect on the relationship of rhetorical discourse with practical truth.
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    Assessing Service Imbalances as Contributing Factors to Mobility Issues in the Metropolitan District of Quito, Ecuador
    (Urban Science, 2024-12-10) Astudillo-Ortega, Tatiana; Moya-Almeida, Vinicio; Cabrera-Torres, Francisco; Ávila-Castro, Emilia; Heredia-R, Marco; Vázquez Hoehne, Antonio
    This article analyzes the service distribution imbalance within the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ) and its impact on urban mobility, aiming to propose strategies for more equitable territorial planning. The data were gathered from sources such as the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education, and OpenStreetMap. These data were integrated with GIS tools to model patterns of accessibility and mobility. Through a comprehensive approach, the study assessed education, banking services, employment, and healthcare, identifying how inequitable access to these services drives increased travel demand, especially in rural and peri-urban areas. In the education field, over 500 neighborhoods faced a shortage of institutions, compelling students to commute to other neighborhoods. For financial services, only 67% of neighborhoods had adequate access, with disparities across different socioeconomic zones. Additionally, employment-related mobility posed another challenge, with 88% of workers commuting outside their residential parish. Finally, access to healthcare was also unequal across the DMQ, particularly in peripheral areas where residents must travel long distances. In this context, it can be concluded that more efficient urban planning in the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ) is crucial to address imbalances in the distribution of services and enhance quality of life. Proposed strategies include establishing a land reserve, decentralizing services to underserved areas, integrating smart technologies, and promoting incentives for remote work, sustainable mobility, and public transport. These actions aim to foster greater territorial equity and accessibility.
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    Attributes of the Humanist Director: The Exercise of Virtues as a Possible Scenario for the Constitution of the Humanist Enterprise
    (Academic Research Publishing Group: The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 2018) López-Jiménez, Daniel Fernando; Roa-Chejín, María Susana; Vergara, Patricio
    In this article an introduction is made to the analysis of the humanistic attributes that the managerial manager should have, in his intentions to humanize the company, from the practice of the virtues associated with work -as causal factors-, fundamental to direct a socially responsible humanist company. For this purpose, re makes an introduction to the literature on the anthropology of the organization and the manager, as well as to the Thomistic categories of the virtues; to the anthropological approaches of the manager from Pérez and Chinchilla, and to the complementary views of other authors, which allow us to understand the constitutive dynamics of the humanist enterprise.
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    Banca pública del Ecuador: Análisis de eficiencia mediante el Data Envelopment Analysis
    (REVISTA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES, 2024-06-21) Villarreal Satama, Freddy Lenin; Bosch Badía, María Teresa
    El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la eficiencia de la banca pública del Ecuador basado en la metodología no paramétrica del análisis envolvente de datos DEA-CCR con la técnica multiplicativa y envolvente, para el período del 2008 al 2020, generando en primera instancia una revisión del estado del arte de trabajos que han sido desarrollados en el ámbito financiero y bancario por diversos autores en varios países del mundo. Los principales resultados indican que se mantiene constante el nivel de eficiencia para los tres bancos públicos analizados, es decir el Banco del Estado-Desarrollo y la Corporación Financiera Nacional, llegan a la máxima eficiencia de uno; mientras que BanEcuador, muestra niveles de ineficiencia en todos los períodos, excepto en varios meses como los detectados en los años 2012 y 2016, debido a circunstancias externas macro como las crisis económicas detectadas y niveles de desempleo altos que han impactado. El nivel de ineficiencia de BanEcuador en el período de estudio viene dado en especial de las variables activos fijos y gastos operativos; por lo que, en conclusión, se debe generar una adecuada gestión en los inputs analizados, especialmente los procesos de trabajo internos, para una mejor toma de decisiones.
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    Bases teóricas de la Ecología Humana de la Comunicación
    (Universidad de La Laguna, 2016) López-Jiménez, Daniel Fernando; Marqués-Pascual, Joaquín
    La propuesta profundiza en las bases teóricas de una nueva escuela de pensamiento que, a partir de los planteamientos de la Ecología Humana, focaliza su ámbito investigativo en el área de la comunicación. Se trata de la denominada Ecología Humana de la Comunicación (HEoC, por sus siglas en inglés). La investigación teorética que presentamos, fruto de un trabajo de reflexión y profundización en la doctrina, establece las líneas de pensamiento principal que sigue esta nueva disciplina. En el artículo se detallan aquellas escuelas, tendencias y autores en donde se sustenta la base teórica. Además de la citada Ecología Humana, se recogen algunos aspectos de otras escuelas como son la Media Ecology; la Teoría de la Comunicación Humana, especialmente los denominados axiomas de Watzlawick; también algunos autores construccionistas, como el antimaterialista Berkeley. Asimismo nos fijamos en ciertos principios de la Etnometodología desarrollados por una rama de pensamiento, los conversacionistas -especialmente los clásicos Berger y Luckmann-, junto al Interaccionismo Simbólico, en tanto que la comunicación, en su totalidad, excede el ámbito del lenguaje oral. Finalmente, se relaciona HEoC con la Perspectiva Interpretativa de los procesos comunicativos ya que integra las comunicaciones interpersonales con los componentes sociales de cada realidad.
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    Bleaching efficacy of in-office bleaching with violet light using low-concentration hydrogen peroxide nanoparticulate photocatalyst gel: A randomized controlled trial
    (Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2024-11-23) Garcia Castro, Gustavo; Araújo Pinto, Palena; Favoreto, Michael Willian; Reis, Alessandra; Viviana-Mora, Maria; de Cássia Mendonça de Miranda, Rita; Milan Cardenas, Andres Felipe; Loguercio, Alessandro D.; de Jesus Tavarez, Rudys Rodolfo
    Objective This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity (TS) of participants submitted to different application protocols of in-office bleaching with violet light using 6 % hydrogen peroxide (HP) nanoparticulate photocatalyst gel. Materials and methods Sixty-six participants were randomized and bleached using either a 6 % HP (Nano White, DMC), and/or violet light (Bright Max Whitening, MMOptics), according to the following protocols: 1) only violet light (VIOL); 2) only bleaching gel application (BG) and; 3) combined bleaching gel application + violet light (BG+VIOL). The bleaching efficacy was evaluated with the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer, Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide scales. The risk and intensity of TS were recorded using a 0–10 visual analogue scale (VAS) and a 0–4 numerical scale (NRS). Color change and intensity of TS values were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used. The absolute risk of TS was compared using the Chi-square test (α = 0.05). Results A significant and higher degree of bleaching was observed in the BG and BG+VIOL groups compared to the VIOL group (p < 0.003). Despite no significant differences in the risk (p > 0.07) and intensity (p > 0.28) of TS among groups, a higher risk of TS was observed in the BG and BG+VIOL groups. Conclusions Using VIOL reduced the risk of TS but did not improve bleaching. However, BG+VIOL with low-concentration HP nanoparticulate photocatalyst gel achieved equal efficacy and was less likely to cause TS compared to BG.
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    Caries Experience and Treatment Needs in Urban and Rural Environments in School-Age Children from Three Provinces of Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study
    (Dentistry Journal, 2022-10-01) Vélez-León, Eleonor María
    In Ecuador, national epidemiological surveys have not been updated; however, some regional studies in the northern areas of the country still report a high prevalence of dental caries. The aim of this study was to determine the experience, severity, and need for treatment of dental caries in school children aged 6 to 12 years in urban and rural settings in three provinces of southern Ecuador. This cross-sectional, relational study examined 1938 schoolchildren in the provinces of Azuay, Cañar, and Morona Santiago. The survey instruments were based mainly on the WHO manual Methods of Oral Health Surveys (dmft) for primary and permanent dentition (DMFT), as well as the prevalence, severity, and Significant Caries Index (SCI). The parametric Student’s t-test was used to compare two groups, and the Spearman’s Rho and Tau-c Kendall correlation coefficients were used to associate the categorical variables. Results: The prevalence of caries in the primary dentition was 78% and 89.2% in the permanent dentition. The dmft (M = 4.12, SD = 2.86) and DMFT (M = 3.62: SD = 3.07) placed the general group in a moderate caries index. The need for treatment was 90.68% in the primary dentition, while it was 87.99% in the permanent dentition. Caries severity in both dentitions was high (M = 7.74; SD = 3.42). Conclusions. Alarming indicators of caries experience and the need for treatment were observed in the population studied
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    Caries Experience in Preschoolers in Three Ecuadorian Communities
    (Children, 2023-06-28) Vélez-León, Eleonor María; Albaladejo-Martínez, Alberto; Preciado-Sarmiento, Mónica Alejandra; Cordero-López, María Augusta; Armas-Vega, Ana del Carmen; Encalada-Verdugo, Liliana Soledad; Melo, María
    Dental caries in the preschool population presents a significant challenge in the field of global public health, including Ecuador. Early detection of this disease is crucial for developing effective strategies for prevention and promotion of oral health, which can have a substantial impact on the quality of life of preschool-aged children. This study evaluated 600 children aged 3 to 5 years attending preschool education centers using the ICDAS II diagnostic criteria. The Student’s t-test was used to analyze differences between the means of two independent groups. Additionally, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess differences between the means of three or more groups. The prevalence of caries was 87%, with a dft index of 3.85 in the three provinces studied. A high treatment need was observed in 84.17% of the population. No significant differences in the DFT index were found based on gender, although both groups exhibited elevated values. No significant differences were observed in relation to province and environment. The second molar was the most affected tooth, with a caries prevalence of 58.8%. Despite the lack of significant differences among the evaluated variables, a high prevalence and experience of dental caries were found in the studied population.
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    China en América Latina: el trabajo mediático ante de los TLC de Nicaragua y Ecuador entre 2022 y 2024
    (EPSIR, 2024-12-16) Ortiz Jaramillo, Diego
    Introducción: Los Tratados de Libre Comercio (TLC) son mecanismos de política exterior que tienen implicaciones más allá de lo meramente económico. Estos constituyen una vía efectiva para establecer acciones comunicacionales en el ámbito de la diplomacia pública. Metodología: Este trabajo se desarrolló con un enfoque mixto que incluye análisis de contenido en medios de coumunicación de dos naciones latinoamericanas en las etapas previas a las firmas de TLC entre China con Ecuador y Nicaragua entre los años 2022 y 2024, además de un estudio de contenido gráfico relacionado con los TLC entre estos países en portales de noticias con cobertura nacional. Resultados: En los medios de comunicación estudiados se ha evidenciado que la cobertura mediática sobre los TLC con China se desenvuelve a dos ritmos. Por una parte, en cada país, las comunicaciones sobre China son casi nulas entre enero de 2022 y abril de 2023. La situación cambia desde mayo de 2023 hasta mayo de 2024, época en la cual se desarrollan las actividades entre los negociadores y se intensifica la presencia y apertura de funcionarios chinos en los medios. Discusión: El estudio permite conocer la manera en que China trabaja estratégicamente sus comunicaciones con los medios antes y después de las negociaciones de los TLC. Conclusiones: La investigación revela la necesidad de ampliar las discusiones sobre la efectividad de la diplomacia pública cuando se realizan procesos de relaciones comerciales bilaterales.
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    Clinical evaluation of a new chemically-cured bulk-fill composite in posterior restorations: 6-month multicenter double-blind randomized clinical trial
    (JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY, 2024-10-01) Loguercio, Alessandro D.; Carpio-Salvatierra, B; Ñaupari-Villasante, R; Wendlinger, M; Armas-Vega, Ana; Cavagnaro, S; León, A; Aliaga-Galvez, R; Gutiérrez, MF
    Objective To evaluate the postoperative sensitivity (POS), as well as the clinical performance of posterior restorations using a new chemically-cured bulk-fill composite (Stela Automix and Stela Capsule, SDI) comparing with a light-cured bulk-fill composite after 6 months. Methods Fifty-five participants with at least three posterior teeth needing restoration were recruited. A total of 165 restorations were performed on Class I or Class II cavities. After the application of Stela primer, the chemically-cured composite (Stela Automix or Stela Capsule) was inserted. For the light-cured composite group, a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal) was applied with a bulk-fill composite (Filtek One). Participants were evaluated for spontaneous and stimulated POS in the baseline, after 48 h, 7 days, and 6 months. Additionally, each restoration was assessed using the updated version of FDI criteria after 6 months. The differences in the proportions of the groups were compared by Cochran test statistics (α = 0.05). Results Both chemically-cured composites showed a lower risk of POS compared to the light-cured composite at baseline and up to 48 h (p < 0.04). A significantly lower surface luster and texture was observed for the Stela Capsule composite compared to the light-cured bulk-fill composite (baseline and 6 months; p = 0.03). A significant color mismatch was observed for the light-cured bulk-fill composite compared to the chemically-cured composites (baseline and 6 months; p = 0.03). No significant differences were observed in any other item evaluations (p > 0.05). Conclusion Chemically-cured composites exhibit lower postoperative sensitivity and less color mismatch compared to a light-cured bulk-fill composite after 6 months of clinical service. Clinical significance The chemically-cured composites appear to be an appealing option for restoring posterior teeth, as they exhibit lower postoperative sensitivity compared to a light-cured bulk-fill composite, both at baseline and up to 48 h, and less color mismatch.
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    Color evaluation of a one-shade used for restoration of non-carious cervical lesions: an equivalence randomized clinical trial
    (BMC ORAL HEALTH, 2024-12-01) Favoreto, Michael Willian; de Oliveira de Miranda, Amanda; Matos, Thalita P.; dos Santos de Castro, Andrea; de Abreu Cardoso, Mylena; Beatriz, Julia; Collantes-Acuña, Jenny; Reis, Alessandra; Dourado Loguercio, Alessandro
    Background Obtaining a perfect color match with resin composite presents a significant challenge. The chameleon effect has enabled resin composite to mimic the color of the adjacent tooth structure in vitro. This double-blind, split-mouth and equivalent randomized clinical trial evaluated the color matching of one-shade resin composite with chameleon effect versus multi-shade resin composite in non-carious cervical lesion restorations (NCCLs). Methods One hundred twenty restorations were performed on NCCLs with two restorative materials (n=60). After prophylaxis, the teeth were isolated with rubber dam and one universal adhesive was applied in the selective enamel etching strategy. For both groups, the restorations were inserted incrementally. The values of ΔEab and ΔE00 in the cervical and middle third were evaluated using a digital spectrophotometer before vs. after the restorations. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 7 days, 6-, 12- and 18-month of clinical performance according to the FDI criteria (Word Federation Criteria). Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test for all parameters. Color change was analyzed by two one-sided t-tests for paired samples (α=0.05). Results Regarding the color measurement no significant difference was observed when Vittra APS (FGM Dental Products, Joinville, SC, Brazil) was compared to Vittra Unique (FGM Dental Products, Joinville, SC, Brazil) for any of the comparisons performed (p>0.05). However, the ΔEab and ΔE00 values for the cervical third, both before and after the restorations, were higher compared to the ΔEab and ΔE00 values observed when comparing the cervical and middle thirds after the restorations. After 18 months, five restorations exhibited minimal discrepancies in terms of marginal adaptation or marginal discoloration (p>0.05). In all other criteria, including retention rate, no changes were detected at the 18-month recall. Conclusions The one-shade resin composite used achieve the same color match when compared to a multi-shade resin composite after a period of 7 days in NCCLs. Overall, the restorations scored clinically very good (FDI) at baseline and after 18 months for all outcomes.
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    Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of MIM Technology Brackets with Conventional and Rail-Shaped Mesh Bases: An In Vitro Study
    (The Open Dentistry Journal, 2019-07-15) Molina, Francisco; Rockenbach- Binz, María Cristina
    Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the shear bond strength of two types of MIM (Metal Injection Molding) technology brackets, one with conventional mesh base and the other with rail-shaped mesh base. Materials and Methods: Forty human premolars received the bonding of 2 types of brackets: Group 1- 20 Synergy metal brackets (Rocky Mountain) with conventional mesh base and Group 2-20 H4 brackets (OrthoClassic) with rail-shaped mesh base. Both brackets were bonded with Resilience photopolymerizable resin (OrthoTechnology). The specimens were coupled to a Tinius Olsen universal test machine where the shear test was performed using a chisel. In addition, the amount of remaining resin in tooth crown with the ImageJ program was evaluated and the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Intergroup comparison was performed by the independent t test and Chi-square test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for any of the measures evaluated indicating that the mesh type of the brackets’ base with MIM technology did not influence the shear bond strength of the brackets (shear bond strength, p=0.191; maximum load registered, p=0.244). There was also no difference between the percentage (p=0.602) and area of remaining resin in the teeth (p=0.805) and IRA (p=0.625) between the Synergy and H4 groups. Conclusion: Shear bond strength was similar in the two types of brackets with MIM technology evaluated. In addition, the remaining resin in the dental enamel of two types of brackets were also similar.
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    Consumo de medios en estudiantes de secundaria de Bogotá. Una mirada desde cuatro escuelas de pensamiento de la comunicación
    (Palabra Clave, 2004-06) López-Jiménez, Daniel Fernando
    El presente artículo es resultado de la segunda fase de la investigación sobre audiencias juveniles que se adelanta desde principios del año 2003 en el marco de la línea Cultura de masas e industrias culturales de la Facultad de Comunicación Social y Periodismo de la Universidad de La Sabana. El estudio trata sobre los hábitos de consumo de medios de los estudiantes de once grado de secundaria en los estratos socioeconómicos 1 y 2, pertenecientes a los sectores de menos ingresos y recursos económicos de la población bogotana. El fenómeno del consumo de medios se aborda desde cuatro posiciones: la reflexión crítica de la Escuela de Frankfurt, que toca la denominada Industria cultural y el papel de los media en la transformación de la esfera pública; el lenguaje simbólico de los mensajes y sus efectos e influencias en las personas con relación al poder coercitivo, estudiado por la Escuela Hermenéutica; la percepción espacio-temporal y el acceso a la información de la Escuela Canadiense, y la responsabilidad social de los medios frente a los jóvenes, desde el funcionalismo.
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    Crédito y crecimiento económico. El papel estratégico de las instituciones públicas en el Ecuador
    (EPSIR, 2024-09-24) Villarreal Satama, Freddy Lenin
    Introducción: Este estudio hace rederencia al análisis del desarrollo económico por medio del crédito público y variables de impacto como inflación, riesgo país, desempleo e inversión extranjera. Metodología: Se realiza un estudio cuantitativo mediante el método MCO-Anova y regresión lineal múltiple tomando en cuenta diferentes pruebas de multicolinealidad, normalidad y residuales para generar un modelo final del período 2000-2023. Resultados: Indican que las variables planteadas son significativas en especial el crédito público que ayuda en la generación de fuentes de trabajo mediante los emprendiemintos. Discusión: Respecto al Crédito de la Banca Pública, el coeficiente para el 0.00000032261, lo que indica una relación positiva del PIB es decir que por cada unidad de incremento en Crédito Banca Pública, log(PIB) se incrementa en 0.00000032261 unidades. Conclusiones: El desarrollo económico sostenible requiere un equilibrio controlado entre el acceso al crédito bancario público, la creación de empleo, inflación y la gestión efectiva del riesgo país. Políticas públicas coherentes y transparentes, acompañadas de una supervisión regulatoria sólida, son fundamentales para garantizar que estos elementos se alineen de manera que promuevan un crecimiento inclusivo y sostenible.
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    De la economía de la innovación a la economía transparente. La contracultura organizacional como impulsor de la eficacia empresarial
    (EPSIR, 2024-12-20) Montenegro Gálvez, Diego Ignacio
    Introducción: La humanidad enfrenta eventos inesperados, desde conflictos geopolíticos hasta la falta de liderazgo en las organizaciones. Esto resalta la necesidad de desarrollar nuevos modelos estratégicos que aborden los desafíos actuales y futuros. Metodología: La investigación revisa las perspectivas de líderes empresariales sobre estrategia e innovación, señalando que, aunque se consideran críticas, muchos directivos no se sienten capacitados para implementarlas eficazmente. Se examina la importancia de crear una cultura organizacional que valore la creación de valor y no solo la eficiencia a corto plazo. Resultados: El estudio identifica que los planes aislados de gestión pueden permitir la supervivencia de una empresa, pero no fomentan el crecimiento sostenible. La falta de un enfoque holístico en la cultura organizacional limita la capacidad de innovación. Discusión: La “contracultura” emerge como un elemento clave para este nuevo modelo estratégico. Esta contracultura coloca a los individuos talentosos, con valores sólidos, creatividad e innovación, en el centro de las organizaciones, impulsando la adopción de nuevas tecnologías y el enfoque en resultados sociales. Conclusiones: El modelo propuesto, basado en una cultura organizacional renovada y la “economía transparente”, fomenta la innovación y la creación de valor social, transformando la estrategia empresarial.
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    Developmental Enamel Defects in Children from the Southern Region of Ecuador
    (Children, 2022-11-16) Vélez-León, Eleonor; Albaladejo-Martínez, Alberto; Pacheco-Quito, Edisson Mauricio; Armas-Vega, Ana; Delgado-Gaete, Andrés; Pesántez-Ochoa, Doménica; Melo, María
    Developmental defects of enamel (DDEs) are widely observed in children and are related to the appearance of dental caries, malocclusion, tooth sensitivity, and unfavorable esthetic conditions. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of enamel defects present in children aged 6 to 12 years in the provinces located in southern Ecuador. A total of 1606 schoolchildren were examined under the World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of DDEs. The results are presented using percentage frequency measures and chi-square associations. Some types of DDEs were presented by 50% of the schoolchildren, mainly diffuse opacity, with no statistical differences according to place of residence and/or environment, sex, and age (p > 0.05). In Ecuador, it is necessary to carry out studies on the factors that trigger enamel defects, since they may be associated with the high prevalence of caries already reported in other studies in the country.
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    Distribution of Dental Fluorosis in the Southern Zone of Ecuador: An Epidemiological Study
    (Dentistry Journal, 2023-03-03) Velez León, Eleonor María; Albaladejo-Martínez, Alberto; Ortíz-Ortega, Paulia; Cuenca-León, Katherine; Armas-Vega, Ana del Carmen; Melo, maría
    In recent decades, the increase in fluoride exposure has raised the numbers of dental fluoro sis in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities In Ecuador, but the last national epidemiological study on DF was conducted more than a decade ago. The objective of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to determine the prevalence, distribution and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) using the Dean index in 1606 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years from urban and rural environments in provinces that make up the Southern Region of Ecuador. Participants met the inclusion criteria which were age, locality, informed consent document and no legal impediment. The results are presented using percentage frequency measures and chi-square associations. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 50.1% in the areas of Azuay, Cañar and Morona Santiago, with no significant differences (x 2 = 5.83, p = 0.054). The types of DF found most frequently were very mild and mild in all provinces; a moderate degree was more prevalent in Cañar (17%). There was no significant association (p > 0.05) between sex and the presence of dental fluorosis and, with respect to severity, the most frequent degree was moderate at the age of 12 years. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the area evaluated is high, especially in the light and very light degrees, with a tendency toward moderate levels. It is necessary to carry out studies on the factors that are predisposing to the development of this pathology in the population studied. This research is an update regarding this pathology in Ecuador, so it is concluded that it is necessary to continue developing studies based on the findings obtained, thus contributing to the public health of the country.